Gjornâl Furlan des Siencis - Friulian Journal of Science

Studi de evoluzion climatiche par mieç di modei numerics deterministics a ogjets

ENRICO MAIERO, DARIO GIAIOTTI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Inte suaze dal studi sui cambiaments climatics, al ven elaboraˆt un model climatic a ogjets, che po al ven dopraˆt par studiaˆ i senaris climatics futuˆrs. La superficie de Tiere e ven dividude in cinc celis climatichis, tal sens de longjitudin: dˆos celis polˆars, doˆs celis temperadis o di Ferrel, une cele ecuatoriaˆl o di Hadley. Chest al permet di minimizaˆ il scambi di energjie e materie jenfri lis fassis di latitudin: lis celis a interagjissin jenfri di lˆor dome par miec¸ di scambis di energjie, dovuˆts ai vints prevalents e ai fenomens dominants aes lungjecis scjale tipichis des interfacis tra lis celis, che a vignaran clamaˆts ogjets secondaris dal sisteme e a saran i responsabii dal compuartament no lineaˆr dal sisteme. Il model calibraˆt, cun valoˆrs verisimii dai parametris fale che chel ra- presentant l’efiet sidrere, sorestimaˆt, al da fuˆr valoˆrs verisimii e stabii des temperaduris des cinc celis, ancje se a ossilin in muˆt iregolaˆr. Al `e probabil che la inclusion dal vapoˆr di aghe e il rafinament dal model a metin a puest ancje il parametri dai gas sidrere. Si simule cul model la cressite dai gas sidrere, chˆe storiche e chˆe proietade dai RCP dal IPCC (a) (b), ancje se dome in muˆt cualitatˆıf. Il model al mostre il so limit soredut tai caˆs plui otimistics proponuˆts dal IPCC, ven a staˆi se il sfuarc¸ant, dopo jessi cressuˆt, si sbasse fintremai ai valˆors iniziaˆi: l’efiet ritardant dai oceans nol pues jessi tignuˆt in considerazion. E je invezit credibile la simulazion di sfuarc¸ants impulsˆıfs negatˆıfs. Di particolˆar inter`es al `e il soreponisi des temperaduris des trˆe celis centraˆls tal caˆs di sfuarc¸ants alts dal sisteme: chest si pues devi al tentatˆıf de cele di Hadley di slargjaˆsi, che i `e impedˆıt de gjeometrie fisse dal model in cheste version. Pe soˆ lizerece computazionaˆl, il model si preste a simulazions di ensem- ble. Cun di plui, i ogjets secondaris consideraˆts a corispuindin a events meteorologjics estrems, si che duncje il model al ven bon par valutaˆ se, in consecuence dal cambiament climatic, chescj a aumentaran in numar e intensitaˆt.

Study of Climate Evolution Using Deterministic Object-based Numerical Models

ENRICO MAIERO, DARIO GIAIOTTI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Within the framework of climate change studies, an object-based climate model is developed and then used to study future climate scenarios. The Earth’s surface is divided into five climate cells longitudinally: two polar cells, two temperate or Ferrel cells, and one equatorial or Hadley cell. This makes it possible to minimise the exchange of energy and matter between latitude bands: cells interact with each other only through energy exchanges, due to prevailing winds and dominant phenomena at the typical scale lengths of the interfaces between cells. These interfaces, which will be defined as secondary objects of the system, account for the nonlinear behaviour of the system.
The calibrated model, with plausible parameter values (except for an overestimated greenhouse-effect value), yields plausible and stable values for the temperatures of the five cells, although they fluctuate irregularly. It is likely that the inclusion of water vapour and the refinement of the system also correct the greenhouse gas parameter.
With the model, we simulate the growth of greenhouse gases, their historical growth and the growth projected by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) RCPs (Representative Concentration Pathways) (see IPCCa n.d. and IPCCb 2018), albeit only qualitatively. The model shows its limitations particularly in the most optimistic cases proposed by the IPCC, that is, if the forcing, after being increased, drops to its initial values again: the retarding effect of the oceans cannot be considered. It is, however, credible to simulate negative impulsive forcings. Of particular interest is the overlapping of the temperatures of the three central cells in cases of high system forcings: this may be due to the Hadley cell’s attempt to expand, which it is prevented from doing by the fixed geometry of this version of the model. Due to its computational efficiency, the model lends itself to ensem ble simulations. In addition, the secondary objects considered corre spond to extreme weather events, so the model is suitable for assessing whether, as a result of climate change, these will increase in number and intensity.

L’ûs dai machinaris tai orts di cjase

RINO GUBIANI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

I orts di cjase a puedin cjatâsi intai paîs o dulintor o intai terens centâts confinants cui curtîi, ven a stâi intes braidis. Dome che il 15% dai orts domestics al à une superficie pâr o plui basse di 50 metris cuadris e al ven doprât dome pes dibisugnis de famee e lavorât dome cun imprescj manuâi. Un altri 40% al rive ai 1.000 metris cuadris, organizâts par produsi no dome verduris e ortaiis, ma ancje pomis, besteam e bosc. Lis personis che a lavorin ancje tal ort a son, plui o mancul, 20 milions in Italie e cinccent mil in Friûl Vignesie Julie, cuntune grande valence economiche e sociâl. In chescj orts domestics a vegnin impleâts une vorone di machinaris di ogni gjenar, e ancje imprescj e atrezaduris di ogni sorte pe lavorazion e la conservazion des verduris. Si ricuarde che intai ultins agns lis venditis di machinaris pe zardinarie domestiche a son cressudis in mût un grum significatîf intor al periodi de pandemie di COVID19 e a àn rivuardât motoseis, sofladôrs, sapis a motôr, seejerbe, disbaraçadôrs e altris. Un dai problemis che si presentin in cheste realtât e je ancje la capacitât di chei che lis doprin di doprâ lis machinis in sigurece e cun snait e competence, stant che i machinaris doprâts tai orts domestics no àn di jessi regjistrâts li di nissune autoritât, e duncje pal lôr ûs no ven dade nissune formazion ni nissun nol controle se tal doprâlis a vegnin doprâts ancje i Dispositîfs di Protezion Individuâl (DPI). Chescj problemis a son evidenziâts dal fat che, intal periodi che al va dal 2003 al 2024, il numar di incidents sucedûts in FVJ al è une vore alt (94 muarts e 71 ferîts), a ben che al sedi dificil colegâ in maniere direte chescj numars di muarts e ferîts al lavôr intai orts, parcè che a vegnin regjistrâts in gjenerâl tant che incidents domestics

Use of Agricultural Machinery and Equipment in Non-professional Vegetable Gardens

RINO GUBIANI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Home vegetable gardens can be found in or near villages, or on fenced land bordering courtyards. Fifteen percent of these have an area of 50 square metres or less and are used solely for the family’s needs and cultivated with hand tools only. Another 40% reach 1,000 square metres in size, and are organised to produce not only vegetables, but also fruit, livestock and woods. There are about 20 million people working in vegetable gardens across Italy, of whom five hundred thousand are in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, contributing great economic and social value. A great deal of machinery of all kinds is used in these home gardens, as well as equipment for processing and preserving vegetables. It should be noted that sales of home gardening machinery increased significantly in recent years around the time of the COVID-19 pandemic; the items sold included chainsaws, blowers, motorised hoes, brush cutters, and others. One of the problems faced with this situation, is the safe and competent use of this machinery. As it does not have to be registered with any authority, no training is given in its use and no one checks whether Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is being used. These problems are highlighted by the unusually high number of accidents that occurred in FVG (94 deaths and 71 injuries) in the period 2003 to 2024, although it is difficult to directly link these numbers to work in the vegetable gardens as they are generally recorded as domestic accidents.

La impuartance de esperience cui fruts pe formazion professionâl dai mestris de scuele primarie

EMANUELA VIDIC, MARISA MICHELINI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

La leterature de ricercje e à dimostrât in maniere esauriente che la formazion dai insegnants e à di cjapâ dentri la analisi des propuestis didatichis, dai struments e dai metodis propris de materie par fâ in mût che e sucedi chê curvadure che e permet il passaç da la cognossince a la competence, cussì che il futûr insegnant al savedi creâ ambients di aprendiment dulà che il coinvolziment personâl dai students al sedi valit rispiet ae paronance dai diviers argoments. Il model che al integre lis modalitâts Metaculturâl, Esperienziâl, Progjetuâl e Situade, che al è stât studiât e sperimentât intai ultins 20 agns dentri dal Cors di Didatiche de Fisiche (CDF) de Universitât dal Friûl pe formazion dai futûrs insegnants, si è mostrât valevul rispiet al passaç di apropriazion de materie, da la cognossince a la competence che e permet a cui che al deventarà un docent di savê creâ ambients di aprendiment dulà che il coinvolziment personâl dai arlêfs al risulti eficaç. In chest model la fase Situade, di implementazion intes classis di percors progjetâts dai futûrs insegnants, e zuie une part impuartante sedi pal docent in formazion o in servizi, sedi pe introduzion a scuele di inovazion didatiche e materiâi che si fondin su la ricercje. Il model al previôt un micro aprendistât tal contest scolastic su la educazion sientifiche, tal câs specific la fisiche, bon di produsi colegament e colaborazion tra scuele e Universitât su doi plans: di une bande la condivision de valutazion des competencis otignudis dai insegnants in formazion e, di chê altre, l’apuart di inovazion didatiche e dal svilup professionâl dai insegnants in servizi che al derive dai percors didatics e dai materiâi fondâts su la ricercje. L’Aprendiment Situât, produsût da lis esperiencis sul cjamp realizadis in classe e dal monitorament e analisi dai percors e dai risultâts di aprendiment dai fruts, al permet di consolidâ la competence professionâl che si complete cu la riflession e la valutazion di dut il percors formatîf de bande dai futûrs insegnants. La responsabilitât inte realizazion e inte valutazion dai Modui di Intervent Didatic intal contest dal cors di Didatiche de Fisiche, e à produsût un gnûf model di colaborazion istituzionâl tra la universitât e la scuele. In chest model si realize la triangolazion tra il Cors, il Laboratori e il Tirocini, integrazion che si realize midiant Modui di Intervent Didatic (MID) inovatîfs, fondâts su la ricercje didatiche pe educazion sientifiche te scuele primarie. Cheste impostazion e à, cun di plui, incoragjât la integrazion de professionalitât dal docent espert cun chê dal docent in formazion. In chest contribût al ven analizât l’impat su la scuele dai intervents didatics che a àn viodût la partecipazion, dilunc di 3 agns, di 360 insegnants in servizi e ancjetancj insegnants in formazion.

The Importance of Experience with Children in the Professional Training of Primary School Teachers

EMANUELA VIDIC, MARISA MICHELINI — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The research literature has comprehensively demonstrated that teacher training must include the analysis of subject-specific teaching proposals, tools and methods for the transition from knowledge to competence to occur, and for the future teacher to know how to create learning environments in which students’ personal involvement is as valuable as their mastery of different subjects. The model that integrates the Metacultural, Experiential, Planning and Situated modalities, and which has been studied and tested over the past two decades within the Physics Education course at the University of Udine’s 5-year Master’s degree for prospective primary teachers, has proven its worth in the transition of subject appropriation from knowledge to competence. This then enables those who will become teachers to create learning environments in which there is effective personal involvement of learners. In this model, the Situated phase – which involves the implementation in classrooms of pathways designed by prospective teachers – plays an important role both for the in-training or in-service teacher and for introducing research-based instructional innovation and materials into schools. The model envisions an in-school micro-apprenticeship in science education, in this case Physics, capable of producing school-university links and collaborations on two levels: firstly, the sharing of trainee teacher skills assessments and, secondly, the contribution of educational innovation and professional development of in service teachers from the research-based teaching paths and materials. Situated learning, produced by field experiences carried out in the classroom and by the monitoring and analysis of children’s learning pathways and outcomes, allows for the consolidation of professional competence which is complemented with the reflection and evaluation of the entire training path taken by future teachers. Responsibility for the implementation and evaluation of Teaching Intervention Modules (TIMs) in the context of the Physics Education Course has produced a new model of institutional collaboration between university and school. In this model, triangulation between the Course, Laboratory and Internship is created, an integration that is achieved through innovative models of teaching interventions based on educational research into science education in primary school. Moreover, this approach has encouraged the integration of the professionalism of the experienced teacher with that of the teacher-in training. This paper analyses the impact on schools of teaching interventions involving 360 in-service teachers and an equal number of trainee teachers over three years.

Bibliografie complete dal Gjornâl Furlan des Siencis/ Friulian Journal of Science (2002-2024)

Bibliografie complete — Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000